美国问题赌博委员会近日发布的一项全国调查显示，美国成年人对赌博的接触年龄远比法定年龄更早。在21岁及以上的受访者中，65%表示他们在21岁之前就参与过至少一种形式的赌博，而21岁是美国多数州规定的最低合法赌博年龄。说白了，就是大部分美国人在合法前就已经“下水”了。调查还发现，年轻一代比年长者更早接触体育博彩，而仅有15%的受访者被初级保健医生问过赌博习惯，显示出医疗系统对这一行为健康问题的忽视。想了解美国赌博成瘾问题的最新数据？PASA官网持续追踪行业与社会交叉议题。

一、青少年接触普遍，彩票和家庭游戏成主要入口

　　在承认21岁前赌博的人群中，最常见的参与方式是购买彩票或刮刮乐，占比40%。紧随其后的是与朋友或家人玩带彩头的家庭游戏，占37%。体育博彩位列第三，23%的人承认在21岁前下注，而参与在线赌场式游戏和梦幻体育的比例分别为21%和16%。

　　数据揭示了代际差异。在21至44岁年龄组中，33%的人表示21岁前曾参与体育博彩，而在55岁及以上人群中，这一比例仅为11%。这表明年轻一代比前辈更早接触体育博彩。

　　公众对青少年接触赌博的担忧普遍存在。66%的受访者表示担心未成年人接触赌博或类似活动的影响，其中25%表示“非常担心”。在有未成年子女的家庭中，担忧比例升至71%，高于无子女家庭的62%。

二、成瘾认知高，但医疗筛查严重缺失

　　调查显示，美国公众对赌博成瘾的严重性有清醒认识。79%的受访者认为赌博成瘾与酒精或药物成瘾“同样严重”或“更严重”，其中30%认为“更严重”。问题赌博委员会执行主任希瑟·毛雷尔指出，这表明大多数美国人已承认赌博成瘾是合法的行为健康问题，下一步是让公共卫生系统、政策和预防策略反映这一认知。

　　然而，尽管认知度高，医疗系统的筛查却严重缺失。只有15%的受访者表示初级保健医生曾询问过他们的赌博习惯，与酒精和烟草使用的常规筛查形成鲜明对比。毛雷尔强调，这代表了早期识别和干预的重大机会错失，赌博相关伤害往往在变得严重时才被发现，医疗环境中的筛查可以帮助正常化相关对话并及早提供支持。

三、预测市场争议：30%民众视其为赌博

　　随着全美39个州及华盛顿特区合法化体育博彩，在线预测市场也全国范围内运营。当被问及如何理解预测市场时，30%的美国人认为它与“赌博”最相似，这一比例超过将其比作“金融预测”（24%）或“投资”（18%）的人群。问题赌博委员会政府关系主任科尔·沃格曼呼吁，对预测市场这类功能上等同于赌博的平台，需要建立一致的消费者保障措施。他强调，只要涉及金钱押注、结果不确定和重复参与，就必须考虑其公共健康影响，并确保适当、一致的保护措施到位。

　　本次调查于2026年2月19日至23日在线进行，共访问2072名18岁以上成年人，其中1975人年龄在21岁及以上。调查结果的误差范围为正负2.7个百分点（95%置信水平）。

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